« 8 Advantages to Taking Valium | Home | Cheap Celebrex | Cheap Diovan | Cheap Soma »
Ten years of antibiotic consumption in ambulatory care: Trends in prescribing practice and antibiotic resistance in Austria
Background The main objectives of this study were (i) to determine the amount and pattern of antibiotic use in Austria between 1998 and 2007 and (ii) analysis of antibiotic resistance in relation to rates of consumption of antibiotics in situations important clinical in order to provide empirical data to therapeutic regimens for the main indications.
Methods Data on consumption and resistance data were obtained through surveillance networks in Austria European System for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (EARSS) and European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption (ESAC). The EARSS collects data on isolates from blood and cerebrospinal fluid obtained predominantly in the hospital. The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification and defined daily doses (DDD) measurement units were assigned to the data. The number of packages and DDDs per 1000 inhabitants (PIDs) were used to calculate the level of consumption of antibiotics. There was resistance to antibiotics of the types of resistance, ie, the percentage of strains resistant to all isolates of a bacterial species. Results Total consumption of antibiotics in DIDs increased by 10% between 1998 and 2007, while the PID is reduced by 3%. Drug consumption in the segment of 90% utilization (measured by PID) to the increase in ciprofloxacin (+118.9), clindamycin (76.3), amoxicillin / clavulanic acid (61.9%), cefpodoxime (+31.6), azithromycin (+24.7), and the decline of erythromycin (-79.5%), trimethoprim (-56.1%), norfloxacin (-48.8%), doxycycline ( -44.6), cefaclor (-35.1%), penicillin (-34.0%), Amoxicillin (-22.5), minocycline (-21.9%) and clarithromycin (-9.9%) . Since 2001, an increase in the percentage of invasive strains of E. coli resistant aminopenicillins (from 35% to 53%), fluoroquinolones (from 7% to 25.5%) and third-generation cephalosporins (0% to 8.8%) was observed. The percentage of intermediate or nonsusceptible pneumococcal strains resistant to penicillin remained stable during this period at around 5%. For macrolides, the rate of resistant strains increased from 5% to 12.8%, with a peak in 2005 to 14.7%. Conclusions Austria resistance data can not explain the change in prescribing practice. The more frequent use of ciprofloxacin most likely has contributed to increasing rates of resistance of E. coli in Austria. Penicillin G remains a highly effective substance for treatment of invasive infections caused by pneumococcus.
Leave a Comment